In this blog, we will guide you through the practical steps of choosing between prompt engineering, RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation), and fine-tuning when working with large language models. Using clear examples, we’ll show how each approach can address specific challenges: refining…
In this blog, we will explain the role of vector databases and why they are essential for efficient text vector retrieval in RAG workflows. We’ll look at how vector comparisons work, the importance of similarity measures like cosine similarity, and…
In this blog, we will break down the complete two-stage process of training LLM, making it easy to understand. Starting with general pre-training using vast amounts of data, I explain how we build a foundational model and then improve it…
In this blog, we will break down common practical challenges encountered when building applications with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) workflows. While RAG can streamline large-model applications, real-world implementation requires careful handling of document types, chunking, embedding, retrieval accuracy, and more. From…
In this blog, we will dive into the essential concepts of full fine-tuning and LoRA fine-tuning, two popular techniques in the model adaptation space. I’ll break down what model fine-tuning really means, why we use it, and how LoRA enables…
In this blog, we will dive into the concept of “catastrophic forgetting” in LLM model training and explore how it impacts the abilities of models during re-training. We compare full fine-tuning and LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) methods, discussing their applications, benefits,…
Industry 4.0 represents a significant leap forward in manufacturing, marked by interconnected systems, data exchange, and smart automation. Central to this transformation are two crucial concepts: the automation stack and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). These two ideas are…
In the world of Industry 4.0, two prominent communication protocols stand out—OPC (OLE for Process Control) and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). While they are often compared, these protocols are not competitors; instead, they serve different roles in industrial automation…
The manufacturing industry is undergoing a significant transformation due to Industry 4.0, where digital technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), automation, and data analytics are reshaping operations. At the core of this transformation lie two critical systems:…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools that can generate detailed and insightful responses when prompted correctly. Writing effective prompts is essential to unlocking their full potential, and it requires an understanding of how these models function at a fundamental…
